Summary/Abstract: Jointly produced by the Oslo Governance Centre/BDP and the Civil Society Team/BERA, this paper captures diverse examples of initiatives in which social accountability principles and tools have been used to promote a two-way dialogue between citizens and the state, address social exclusion and increase citizen engagement in service delivery. The four chapters in the paper, by experts in the field, cover social accountability in the context of new information and communications technology, urbanization and development, conflict-affected countries, and social inclusion and the MDGs. Reflections on Social Accountability, UNDP July 2013.